Аммиак

Description

Ammonia (nitrosyl, Hartshorne alcohol) is a colorless gas with a pungent suffocating odor, the simplest hydrogen compound of nitrogen. One of the most important products of basic chemical synthesis, raw material for nitrogen fertilizers and nitric acid. The product dump in the source data is empty, the description is compiled according to open chemical reference books.

Basic Attributes

• CAS No: 7664-41-7
• Chemical formula: NH3
• Molecular weight: 17.03

Physico-chemical characteristics

• Appearance: colorless gas with a sharp characteristic odor
• Boiling point: -33.34 °C
• Melting point: -77.73 °C
• Vapor density: 0.6 relative to air (gas lighter than air)
• Steam pressure: 8.75 atm at 21 °C
• Density of liquid ammonia at boiling point: 0.86 kg/l

Synonyms

• Ammonia gas, Hartshorne alcohol, Nitrosil
• R 717 (refrigerant), Refrigerant R717, Ammonia-14N
• Busan 1474

Substance class and chemical properties

Ammonia is a weak base: in an aqueous solution it partially dissociates to form ammonium ions and hydroxide ions, the solution has an alkaline reaction. It is highly soluble in water to form ammonia (an aqueous solution of ammonia). It is flammable in a narrow range of concentrations in air (approximately 15–28 vol.%), while its own flammability is low and ammonia is classified as a low-flammable gas. It has a pronounced irritating and corrosive effect on mucous membranes, eyes and respiratory tracts even at relatively low concentrations in the air.

Application

• raw materials for the production of nitrogen fertilizers (urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate) - the largest area of ​​application in terms of volume
• raw materials for the production of nitric acid and other nitrogen-containing compounds
• refrigerant in industrial refrigeration units (designation R717) - does not destroy the ozone layer and does not have a greenhouse effect, unlike many freons
• aqueous solution (ammonia) - a reagent in laboratory practice, a household cleaner
• component of flue gas purification systems from nitrogen oxides (selective catalytic reduction)

Storage and transportation

It is transported and stored as liquefied under pressure or cooled gas in specialized steel tanks and tanks designed for an operating pressure of several atmospheres. Classified as a toxic and corrosive liquefied gas; When working with industrial volumes, gas analyzers, personal protective equipment for respiratory organs and skin, and room ventilation are required. Protect the containers from direct solar heating and heat sources, and regularly check the tightness of the fittings.

Industrial significance

The industrial synthesis of ammonia from air nitrogen and hydrogen (the Haber-Bosch process) remains one of the largest chemical production volumes in the world and underlies the modern production of mineral fertilizers. It was the availability of synthetic ammonia in the 20th century that made it possible to sharply increase agricultural productivity and provide food for the growing population of the planet.